Want to go deeper?

The following are recommended to help you look deeper into the history and archaeology of Laodicea on the Lycus.

Recommended for purchase:

Steve Singleton – Overcoming: A Study Guide for the Book of Revelation (Deeperstudy, 2004) | Digital edition (great savings!)

Steve Singleton – Seven Letters to the Church: Seeing Ourselves as Christ Sees Us, e-book | Read excerpt

David E. Aune – Revelation 1-5, Word Biblical Commentary (Thomas Nelson, 1997)

Colin J. Hemer – The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia in Their Local Setting, Biblical Resource Series (Eerdmans, 2001).

William M. Ramsay – The Letters to the Seven Churches, Updated Edition, ed. Mark W. Wilson (Hendrickson, 1994).

CD-ROM: Turkey: Pictorial Library of Bible Lands (2004)

Ilhan Aksit – Pamukkale, Hierapolis, Aphrodisias (Aksit Kultur Turizm Sanat Ajans LTD, 1993)

Sabahattin Turkoglu – Pamukkale (Hierapolis), 10th ed. (NETwork Press, 1990).

Cemil Toksoz – Pamukkale Hierapolis (Erris Turizm, 1997).

Online resources:

Colossae:

William Smith – "Colossae" from A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (Oxford, 1878).

Francis V. J. Arundell – [Locating Colossae] (from Discoveries in Asia Minor, vol. 2 (London: Richard Bentley, 1834).

William M. Ramsay – "The Miracle at Khonai" (from The Church in the Roman Empire Before A.D. 170, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1907).

Hierapolis

Wikipedia – Hierapolis | Pamukkale

Francis V. J. Arundell – Virtual Pamukkale (Hierapolis) – includes site plan and tour-guide information.

Amanda Heffernan – History & description of theater (2003) from "The Ancient Theatre Archive" (includes great photos)

Tristam Ellis – "Hierapolis and Its White Terrace" from Harper's New Monthly Magazine (79: July-November, 1889).

Laodicea:

William M. Ramsay – "Laodicea: City of Compromise" | "The Letter to the Church in Laodicea" 413-423 and 424-430, respectively, from Letters to the Seven Churches & Their Place in the Plan of the Apocalypse, 2nd ed. (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1906).

G. L. Borchert – "Laodicea" (3:72-74 in International Standard Bible Enclyclopaedia, new edition (Eerdmans, 1995).