Biblical cities of the Lycus valley

Want to dive deeper?

The following are recommended to help you look deeper into the history and archaeology of Laodicea on the Lycus.

Recommended for purchase:

Steve Singleton – Overcoming: A Study Guide for the Book of Revelation (Deeperstudy, 2004) | Digital edition (great savings!)

Steve Singleton – Seven Letters to the Church: Seeing Ourselves as Christ Sees Us, e-book | Read excerpt

David E. Aune – Revelation 1-5, Word Biblical Commentary (Thomas Nelson, 1997)

Colin J. Hemer – The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia in Their Local Setting, Biblical Resource Series (Eerdmans, 2001).

William M. Ramsay – The Letters to the Seven Churches, Updated Edition, ed. Mark W. Wilson (Hendrickson, 1994).

CD-ROM: Turkey: Pictorial Library of Bible Lands (2004)

Ilhan Aksit – Pamukkale, Hierapolis, Aphrodisias (Aksit Kultur Turizm Sanat Ajans LTD, 1993)

Sabahattin Turkoglu – Pamukkale (Hierapolis), 10th ed. (NETwork Press, 1990).

Cemil Toksoz – Pamukkale Hierapolis (Erris Turizm, 1997).

Online resources:

Colossae:

William Smith – “Colossae” from A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (Oxford, 1878).

Francis V. J. Arundell – [Locating Colossae] (from Discoveries in Asia Minor, vol. 2 (London: Richard Bentley, 1834).

William M. Ramsay – “The Miracle at Khonai” (from The Church in the Roman Empire Before A.D. 170, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1907).

Hierapolis

Wikipedia – Hierapolis | Pamukkale

Francis V. J. Arundell – Virtual Pamukkale (Hierapolis) – includes site plan and tour-guide information.

Amanda Heffernan – History & description of theater (2003) from “The Ancient Theatre Archive” (includes great photos)

Tristam Ellis – “Hierapolis and Its White Terrace” from Harper’s New Monthly Magazine (79: July-November, 1889).

Laodicea:

William M. Ramsay – “Laodicea: City of Compromise” | “The Letter to the Church in Laodicea” 413-423 and 424-430, respectively, from Letters to the Seven Churches & Their Place in the Plan of the Apocalypse, 2nd ed. (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1906).

G. L. Borchert – “Laodicea” (3:72-74 in International Standard Bible Enclyclopaedia, new edition (Eerdmans, 1995).