Love God with all my mind

Bible Study & Apologetics

[BIBLE STUDY]
[APOLOGETICS]

Bible Study
1. Interpretation principles for Bible study
  1. The Typology of Scripture by Patrick Fairbairn (1854)
  2. Figures of Speech in the Bible by E. W. Bullinger (1855)
  3. Hermeneutical Manual: Intro. to Exegetical Study of NT by Patrick Fairbairn (1859)
  4. On the Interpretation of Scripture by Benjamin J. Jowett (1860)
  5. History of Interpretation by Frederic W. Farrar (1886)
  6. Milton S. Terry – Biblical Hermeneutics: A Treatise on the Interpretation of the Old and New Testaments (1883, revised 1890) – free PDF download of 1883 edition | 1890 edition for online reading | Purchase reprint of 1890 edition (1999)
  7. Scripture Twisting: 20 Ways Cults Misread the Bible (1980) by James Sire
  8. Exegetical Fallacies (2nd ed., 1996) by D. A. Carson
  9. Introduction to Biblical Interpretation (revised and updated, 2004) by William W. Klein, Craig L. Blomberg, and Robert L. Hubbard Jr.
  10. The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation (2006) by Grant R. Osborne
  11. An Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics by W. C. Kaiser, Jr., and Moisés Silva (2d ed., 2007)
2. Inspiration and inerrancy of the Bible
  1. John W. Burgon – Inspiration & Interpretation: Seven Sermons Preached before the University of Oxford (1861)
  2. Benjamin B. Warfield – The Authority & Inspiration of the Scriptures (1889)
  3. J. W. McGarvey – Grounds on which we receive the Bible as the Word of God and the only rule of faith and practice (1889)
  4. A. W. Pink – Divine Inspiration of the Bible (1917)
  5. F. F. Kearley – “Prophecy as Proof of the Inspiration of the Bible: The Witness of the Prophets Concerning Jacob and Esau” (Apologetics Press)
3. Introduction to the Bible
  1. Louis Berkhof – New Testament Introduction (1915)
  2. Douglas Stuart – Old Testament Exegesis (4th ed., 2009)
  3. Gordon Fee – New Testament Exegesis (3rd ed., 2002)
  4. Gordon Fee and Douglas Stuart – How to Read the Bible for All Its Worth (2003) | en Español
  5. Introduction to each book of the Bible (from NIV Study Bible)
4. Aids to Bible study
  1. Online Bible commentaries
    1. Online commentaries by biblical book & chapter
    2. Online commentaries by commentary author
  2. Bible dictionaries
    1. Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, edited by John McClintock and James Strong (12 vols., 1880) – Index for online reading | Index for Scholarly Citation (Google Books scanning).
    2. Encyclopædia Biblica (1899) – Vol 1: A – D | Vol. 2: E – K | Vol. 3: L – P | Vol. 4: Q – Z
    3. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, edited by James Orr et al. (five vols., 1939) – Index for Online reading
Apologetics
1. Evidential approach to apologetics
  1. Jonathan Witt. Greg Bahnsen – Complementary to Presuppositional Approach
  2. The Intelligent Design Movement
    1. Jonathan Witt – “Origin of Intelligent Design: A brief history of the scientific theory of intelligent design.”
2. Presuppositional approach to apologetics
  1. Introduction by John Frame – Part 1: Introduction & Creation | Part 2: Fall & Redemption, Summary & Conclusion
  2. Cornelius Van Til (father of presuppositional apologetics) – Biography | Jump down to his major works
3. Readings from apologetics classics
  1. For a history of apologetics, see Avery Dulles, History of Apologetics
  2. For an anthology of apologetics readings, see Classical Readings in Christian Apologetics, A.D. 100–1800 by L. Russ Bush
  3. Ancient period
    1. Justin Martyr (ca. 100-ca. 167) – First Apology: ch. 1 | ch. 2 | ch. 5 | ch. 6 | ch. 9 | ch. 10 | ch. 11 | ch. 12 | ch. 13 | ch. 18 | ch. 19 | ch. 20 | ch. 21 | ch. 22 | ch. 23 | ch. 24 | ch. 25 | ch. 26 | ch. 28 | ch. 30 | ch. 31 | ch. 32 | ch. 33 | ch. 34 | ch. 35 | ch. 36 | ch. 37 | ch. 38 | ch. 39 | ch. 43 | ch. 44 | ch. 46 | ch. 52 | ch. 53 | ch. 54 | ch. 55 [TOP]
    2. Athenagoras (2nd Century) – A Plea for Christians
    3. Irenaeus (120-203) – Against Heresies bk. 2 | bk. 3
    4. Tertullian (160-230) – The Apology ch. 10 | ch. 17 | ch. 18 | ch. 19 | ch. 20 | ch. 21
    5. Origen (185-253) – On First Principles (Preface) | Against Celsus – bk. 2, ch. 48 | bk. 2, ch. 49-50 | bk. 2, ch. 51 | bk. 2, ch. 52 | bk. 2, ch. 53 | bk. 2, ch. 54 | bk. 2, ch. 55 | bk. 2, ch. 56 | bk. 2, ch. 57 | bk. 2, ch. 58 | bk. 2, ch. 59 | bk. 2, ch. 60 | bk. 2, ch. 61 | bk. 2, ch. 62 | bk. 2, ch. 63 | bk. 2, ch. 64 | bk. 2, ch. 65 | bk. 2, ch. 66 | bk. 2, ch. 67 | bk. 3, ch. 1 | bk. 3, ch. 2 | bk. 3, ch. 3 | bk. 4, ch. 14 | bk. 24 ch. 15 | bk. 4, ch. 16 | bk. 4, ch. 17 | bk. 4, ch. 18 | bk. 6, ch. 78 | bk. 6, ch. 79 | bk. 7, ch. 53 | bk. 7, ch. 54 | bk. 7, ch. 55 | bk. 7, ch. 56 | bk. 7, ch. 57 | bk. 8, ch. 72 | bk. 8, ch. 76
    6. Athanasius (298-373) – Against the Heathen pt. 1, ch. 1 | pt. 3, ch. 35 | pt. 3, ch. 38 | pt. 3, ch. 39 | pt. 3, ch. 40 | pt. 3, ch. 45 | pt. 3, ch. 46 | pt. 3, ch. 47 | On the Incarnation of the Word ch. 1-5 | ch. 21-25 | ch. 26 | ch. 30-32 | ch. 33-40 | ch. 41-45 | ch. 46-55 | ch. 56-57 [TOP]
    7. Augustine of Hippo (354-430) – Concerning the Freedom of the Will (summary only) | Confessions bk. 11, ch. 3-12 | The City of God bk. 1, preface – ch. 2 | bk. 1, ch. 6-11 | bk. 1, ch. 14 | bk. 1, ch. 28-30 | bk. 1, ch. 33-35
  4. Medieval period
    1. Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109) – Monologium | Proslogium | | In Behalf of the Fool | In Reply to Gaunilon
    2. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) – The Summa Contra Gentiles bk. 1, ch. 3-4 | bk. 1, ch. 6-13 | The Summa Theologiae 1st part, Q. 2 | 1st part, Q. 2, articles 1ן
  5. Modern period
    1. John Calvin (1509-1564) – Institutes of the Christian Religion | bk. 1, ch. 1 | bk. 1, ch. 2 | bk. 1, ch. 3 | bk. 1, ch. 5 | bk. 1, ch. 6 | bk. 1, ch. 7 | bk. 1, ch. 8
    2. Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) – Pensées | Online version
    3. Joseph Butler (1692-1752) – The Analogy of Religion – online version | The Analogy of Religion
    4. William Paley (1743-1805) – Natural Theology or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity (12th ed., 1809) | online text | A View of the Evidences of Christianity(1794, reprint: 1851)
    5. K. H. Sack – Christian Apologetics (1829)
    6. John W. Burgon (1813-1888) – Inspiration and Interpretation (1861)
    7. W. H. Hetherington – Apologetics of the Christian Faith (1867)
    8. Stanley Leathes. The Witness of the Old Testament to Christ: Boyle Lectures for 1868
    9. James A. Hessey. Moral Difficulties Connected with the Bible – First Series: Boyle Lectures for 1871 | 2nd Series: Boyle Lectures for 1872
    10. Henry Wace. Christianity and Morality or the Correspondence of the Gospel with the Moral Nature of Man: Boyle Lectures for 1874 and 1875
    11. G. H. Wright – Logic of Christian Evidence (1884)
    12. J. H. A. Ebrard – Apologetics, or The Scientific Vindication of Christianity (1886-87) – Vol. 1 | Vol. 2 | Vol. 3
    13. L. F. Stearns – The Evidence of Christian Experience (1891)
    14. A. B. Bruce – Apologetics, or Christianity Defensively Stated (1892)
    15. Randolph H. McKim – Christ and Modern Unbelief (1893)
    16. P. Schanz – A Christian Apology (1894) Vol. 1: God and Nature | Vol. 2: God and Revelation | Vol. 3: The Church
    17. W. Devivier – Christian Apologetics: A Defense of the Catholic Fatih (1903)
    18. A. Harnack – What is Christianity? (1902) [TOP]
    19. F. R. Beattie – Fundamental Apologetics (1903)
    20. James Orr
      1. A Christian View of God and the World (8th ed., 190 | online text
      2. Resurrection of Jesus (1905)
      3. Problem of the Old Testament (1906)
    21. J. Gresham Machen
      1. The Origin of Paul’s Religion (1921)
      2. Christianity & Liberalism (1923)
      3. The Virgin Birth of Christ (1930)
      4. The Fundamentals (1909-1915) – articles by many leading conservative scholars of the day.
    22. E. Y. Mullins – Why is Christianity True? | The Axioms of Religion (1908) | The Christian Religion in Its Doctrinal Expression (1908)
    23. Burnett Hillman Streeter (1874–1937) – Reality
4. Recent works on apologetics (1940 to Present)
  1. E. J. Carnell – Introduction to Christian Apologetics | Philosophy of the Christian Religion | Christian Commitment: An Apologetic | Case for Orthodox Theology
  2. Gordon Clark – Christian View of Men and Things | Karl Barth’s Theological Method | Historiography | The Philosophy of Science and Belief in God | Thales to Dewey | Religion, Reason, and Revelation
  3. Bernard Ramm – The Pattern of Religious Authority | Protestant Christian Evidences | Special Revelation and the Word of God | The God Who Makes a Difference: A Christian Appeal to Reason | Types of Apologetic Systems | A Christian View of Science and Scripture | Varieties of Christian Apologetics
  4. Cornelius Van Til – Complete Works on CD | Christian Apologetics (2nd ed., 2003) | Christian Theistic Evidences | The Defense of the Faith (1967) | The New Evangelicalism | Christianity in Conflict |A Christian Theory of Knowledge
  5. E. R. Geehan – Jerusalem and Athens: Critical Discussions on the Philosophy and Apologetics of Cornelius Van Til [TOP]
  6. C. S. Lewis
    1. Biography
    2. The Screwtape Letters
    3. The Problem of Pain
    4. The Great Divorce
    5. Miracles: a preliminary study
    6. Mere Christianity
    7. Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life
    8. The World’s Last night and Other Essays
    9. A Grief Observed
    10. Letters to Malcolm: chiefly on prayer
    11. Christian reflections
    12. God in the Dock: Essays on Theology and Ethics
    13. Abolition of Man
    14. Essential Lewis Classics – Of those above, includes a, c, d, e, f, i, and m.
  7. Austin Farrer – Finite and Infinite
  8. E. L. Mascall – He Who Is: A Study in Traditional Theism | Christian Theology and Natural Science | The Secularization of Christianity
  9. Alan Richardson – Christian Apologetics | History: Sacred and Profane
  10. F. F. Bruce – The Apologetic Defense of the Gospel | New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? —on-line version
  11. Clark Pinnock – Set Forth Your Case | Reason Enough
  12. Norman Geisler – Christian Apologetics | Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics (1998) ed. by Geisler
  13. Carl F. H. Henry – God, Revelation, and Authority (6 vols.)
  14. Francis Schaeffer
    1. Complete Works (5 vols.)
    2. Escape from Reason
    3. The God Who is There
    4. Death in the City
    5. He is There and He is not Silent
    6. The Church at the End of the Twentieth Century
    7. Pollution and the Death of Man
    8. True Spirituality
    9. Genesis in Space and Time
    10. Back to Freedom and Dignity
    11. How Should We Then Live?
    12. A Christian Manifesto [TOP]
  15. Josh McDowell
    1. More than a Carpenter
    2. New Evidence That Demands a Verdict
    3. Beyond Belief to Convictions (with Bob Hostetler)
    4. Don’t Check Your Brains at the Door (with Bob Hostetler)
    5. Evidence for Christianity
    6. A Ready Defense
  16. John Warwick Montgomery
    1. The Shape of the Past
    2. Where is History Going?
    3. Suicide of Christian Theology
    4. History and Christianity
    5. How do we know there is a God?
    6. Christianity for the Tough-Minded, ed. by JWM
    7. Faith Founded on Fact: Essays in Evidential Apologetics
    8. Defending the Gospel Through the Centuries
  17. Henry Morris
    1. The Genesis Record
    2. Science & the Bible, Revised ed.
    3. Many Infallible Proofs
    4. Scientific Creationism
    5. Biblical Creationism: What Each Book of the Bible Teaches About Creation & the Flood
    6. Evolution & the Modern Christian
    7. The Biblical Basis for Modern Science, Revised ed.
    8. Defending the Faith: Upholding Biblical Christianity & the Genesis Record
    9. Miracles: Do They Still Happen?
    10. The God Who is Real The Bible Has the Answer with Martin E. Clark
  18. Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-1990)
    1. Intro.
    2. Jesus Rediscovered | online text
    3. The Humane Holocaust
    4. Index of writings
  19. James Oliver Buswell – Christian Apologetics | Introduction to Philosophy: A Christian Perspective (with Paul D. Feinberg) | When Critics Ask: A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties | Inerrancy | When Skeptics Ask (with Ronald Brooks) | The Battle for the Resurrection [TOP]
  20. Gordon Lewis – Testing Christianity’s Truth Claims: Approaches to Christian Apologetics
  21. Basil Mitchell – The Justification of Religious Belief | The Philosophy of Religion | How to Play Theological Ping Pong and Other Essays on Faith and Reason | Faith and Criticism: The Barum Lectures | Law, Morality, and Religion in a Secular Society
  22. R. C. Sproul
    1. Chosen by God
    2. Choosing My Religion
    3. When Worlds Collide: Where is God in Terrorism, War, & Suffering?
    4. Not a Chance: The Myth of Chance in Modern Science and Cosmology
    5. Defending Your Faith: An Introduction to Apologetics
    6. Essential Truths of the Christian Faith
    7. Tearing Down Strongholds and Defending the Truth
    8. Reason to believe
    9. Classical apologetics : A Rational Defense of the Christian Faith and a Critique of Presuppositional Apologetics (co-authored with John Gerstner and Arthur Lindsley)
  23. C. Stephen Evans
    1. Why Believe? Reason and Mystery as Pointers to God
    2. New Dictionary of Christian Apologetics
  24. Richard Mouw – Distorted Truth: What Every Christian Needs to Know About the Battle for the Mind
  25. John Newport – Life’s Ultimate Questions
  26. Kelly James Clark
    1. Return to Reason
    2. Philosophers Who Believe: The Spiritual Journeys of 11 Leading Thinkers
  27. Alister McGrath
    1. Intellectuals Don’t Need God and Other Myths of the Modern World
    2. The foundations of dialogue in science and religion
    3. Glimpsing the face of God : the search for meaning in the universe
    4. Why Does God Allow Suffering?
    5. The Twilight of Atheism: The Rise and Fall of Disbelief in the Modern World
    6. A Scientific Theology: 1. Nature
    7. A Scientific Theology: 2. Reality
    8. A Scientific Theology: 3. Theory
    9. Science and Religion: An Introduction
  28. Lee Strobel
    1. The Case for Faith: A Journalist Investigates the Toughest Objections to Christianity
    2. The Case for Christ: A Journalist’s Personal Investigation of the Evidence for Jesus
    3. The Case for a Creator: A Journalist Investigates Scientific Evidence That Points Toward God
    4. The Case for Easter: A Journalist Investigates the Evidence for the Resurrection
  29. Phillip Johnson
    1. Darwin on Trial
    2. Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Law & Education
    3. Defeating Darwinism by Opening Minds
    4. The Wedge of Truth: Splitting the Foundations of Naturalism
    5. Darwin’s Nemesis: Phillip Johnson & the Intelligent Design Movement
    6. The Right Questions: Truth, Meaning & Public Debate (with Nancy Pearcey)
  30. Nancy Pearcey
    1. Total Truth: Liberating Christianity from Its Cultural Captivity (rev. ed.)
    2. The Soul of Science: Christian Faith & Natural Philosophy
    3. How Now Shall We Live? (with Charles Colson)
    4. The Christian in Today’s Culture (with Charles Colson) [TOP]
  31. John Clayton – Check out his great website: Does God Exist?
    1. A Practical Man’s Proof of God
    2. Help in Understanding What God Is
    3. Who Created God?
    4. What Was the Cause of the Beginning?
    5. Why I Left Atheism
    6. God’s Revelation in His Rocks and in His Word
    7. The Problem of Human Suffering
    8. The Whiner’s Guide to Chemotherapy
    9. The Real Jesus of History
    10. Checkable Bible Accuracy
    11. Evidence for Design in the Universe
    12. Apologetics Bibliography
    13. How Do I See? (for children)
    14. Free Online Correspondence Course: Intermediate Evidences
    15. Catalog
    16. Subscribe to Does God Exist? newsletter (free)